In many cases, LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) is the best way to spectroscopically measure minute quantities of something in the field, due to its capability to quickly create a plasma easily analyzed by the spectrometer.
Click here to read the full article: http://www.laserfocusworld.com/editorial-digest/2014/11/libs-spectroscopy-for-remote-identification-of-materials.html
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